Results: Although 34 out of 43 samples (79.1%) showed enough amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 9 RT-qPCR -positive samples (20.9%) showed absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their sera. declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11th 2020 (2). Hokkaido, Japan, has been also affected by SARS-CoV-2 beginning late February 2020 (3). In April, May and November, two nursing homes and two hospitals had outbreak and facilities had more than 10 PCR-positive people who are care workers and nurses. All were confirmed to have COVID-19 contamination by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 according to the nationally recommended protocol (4). The PCR-positive samples were analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and total-Ig) to analyze the relationship between antibody-positive and PCR-positive cases. CX3CL1 Patients and Methods The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human Use of the Health Sciences, University of Hokkaido and the other four facilities (I) Nursing Home Barato Akashia-Heights (II) Chitose Daiichi Hospital (III) Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital (IV) Nursing home Dream House. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before study. The PCR-positive samples collected more than 30 days from the date of PCR positivity from GO6983 these 4 facilities. The measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and total-Ig) in sera were done by using the Vitros Immunodiagnostic Products anti-SARS-CoV-2 total Ig test and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) (5). The sensitivity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 total Ig test was reported to be 100% in samples collected more than 6 days from the date of PCR positivity (5). The sensitivity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test was also reported to be 100% in samples collected at least 15 days following initial disease manifestation (6). Results Thirty-four out of 43 PCR-positive samples (79.1%) showed enough amounts of IgG and total-Ig against SARS-CoV-2. However, nine PCR-positive samples (20.9%) (3 out of 11; Nursing Home Barato Akashia-Heights, 3 out of 10; Chitose Daiichi Hospital and 1 out of 8; Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital; 2 out of 14; Nursing home Dream House) showed absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their sera (Table I). The three anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-absent cases in the GO6983 nursing home Barato Akashia-Heights showed PCR-positive with high Ct values (32.19, 33.94, and 36.68) and calculated viral copies were less than 100 copies. These three people showed negative results of IgG values and Total Ig values again from sera collected 14 days later. Table I Results of RT-PCR and GO6983 antibody test against SARS-CoV-2. Open in a separate windows The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and total-Ig assays were performed by VITROS XT 7600 immunoassay system (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY, USA). The antibody values were adjusted by the calibrator and control reagents GO6983 and estimated by the signal to cutoff (S/C) values of <1.00 and 1.00 corresponding to non-reactive and reactive results, respectively. PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; Ab: antibody; Ig: immunoglobulin. Discussion The results of the present study showed that 9 cases out of 43 SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive samples showed no increase of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These results show a possibility of innate immune reaction that could eliminate the computer virus without activating adaptive immune reaction involving B lymphocytes, helper T cells and plasma cells. Many reports showed an increase of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2-infected people with no symptoms, convalescence and moderate symptoms, and decrease of NK cells in GO6983 SARS-CoV-2-infected people with severe symptoms. (7,8). In the present study, all cases whose antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured were asymptomatic. It has been reported that this sensitivity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 total Ig test and the anti-SARS-CoV-2IgG test is greater than 95% (5,6,9), and that antibodies are positive in more than 95% of PCR-positive patients. For the first time, our study examined the presence of antibody production in PCR-positive patients, and we found that innate immune response might eliminate SARS-Cov-2 in more than 20% of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients before adaptive immune system start up. Smetana et al. reported the role of interleukin-6 (IL6) on lung complications in patients with COVID-19 and they pointed out that inhibitors of IL6 signaling represent a promising approach that can be employed for attenuation of a cytokine storm and might be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 (10). IL-6 is usually.