* Failure to collect amniotic fluid. Pathologic features of maternal vascular malperfusion included excessive villous infarction (thrombosis of stem villi, endothelial injury, thickened walls of stem villous arterioles, and luminal obliteration), increased fibrin deposition, accelerated villous maturation (increased syncytial knots defined as knots in 20% of villi preterm or 30% of villi at term), increased calcification, and intervillous thrombosis. maternal plasma and cord blood. On placental pathology, maternal vascular malperfusion was found in only one case, fetal vascular malperfusion in four cases, and inflammatory changes were found in two cases. Pregnancy outcomes for women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 contamination during early pregnancy are positive and it is likely that maternal antibodies are exceeded to the fetus, which results in a period of immunity. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vertical contamination transmission, COVID-19 antibody, neutralizing antibody, first trimester pregnancy, placenta, pathology 1. Introduction In December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus that has both toxic and infectious properties, first appeared in Wuhan, China. On 1 April 2021, there were more than 100 million infections worldwide and more than 2 million deaths [1,2]. This count is increasing daily and the approximate worldwide mortality rate is estimated at 2C3% as reported by the World Health Business [2]. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs with contamination by SARS-CoV-2. The infection may be asymptomatic, result in a moderate viral syndrome, or cause severe symptoms such as respiratory failure, shock, multi-organ dysfunction, and death [3]. Previous studies of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV indicate that infections during pregnancy are severe and tend to be associated with poor neonatal outcomes including an increased risk of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth [4,5,6,7]. However, most of the published studies documenting these results involved infection during the second or third trimester of pregnancy and there were only a few cases reported of first trimester infection where the pregnancy continued to a term birth [8]. Based on these findings, we reviewed seven cases that occurred at our hospital. We were able to determine the Trifluridine results of cord blood antibody and placental pathology, which to our knowledge have not been previously reported, as well as the pregnancy outcomes of cases with first trimester contamination that continued to delivery. 2. Materials and Methods Following approval from the institutional review board, we conducted a retrospective chart review of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy who delivered at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea after March 2020. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) using Allplex 2019-nCoV (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) as per the manufacturers instructions with a nasopharyngeal swab. All RNA was extracted from Trifluridine the swab using the Real Prep Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction System (Biosewoom, Seoul, Korea). CFX96 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) was used as a thermocycler for the real-time RT-PCR. Cycle threshold (Ct) values from FAM (E gene), Cal Red 610 (RDRP gene), Quasar 670 (N gene), and HEX (internal control) were acquired. We used 40 as the cut-off value for Ct in all target genes. Mothers confirmed with COVID-19 contamination were isolated and observed for symptoms and blood assessments and chest radiographs were performed. Two unfavorable real-time RT-PCR assessments were considered to be evidence of recovery from COVID-19 and maternal quarantine was lifted at that point. Following delivery, newborns were immediately moved to a negative pressure ward if necessary, quarantined, and real-time RT-PCR was performed with a nasopharyngeal swab. At the time of delivery, cord blood, maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and placental specimens were collected for evidence of infection. We reviewed the mothers medical records, clinical characteristics, blood test CDX4 results, placental biopsies, and neonatal outcomes. The RNA was extracted from these samples (amniotic fluid, Trifluridine placenta, cord blood, maternal blood, and nasopharyngeal swab) using the same method layed out above. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured using the immunochromatographic test kit STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus Test (SD biosensor, Suwon, Korea) according to the manufacturers instructions. The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) was performed according to the manufacturers.